ΦTHALASSAJournal of Philosophy
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On Liberty

John Stuart Mill

Liberalism · Beginner

The classic liberal argument for free expression and the limits of majority power.

John Stuart Mill · first circulated 1859

Main ideas

  • Liberty limited only by harm to others.
  • Dissent defended as a condition of truth-seeking.

Important themes

FreedomIndividualityTolerance

Reading context

Published in 1859 and shaped by Harriet Taylor Mill, it defends a single principle: power may be used against a member of a civilised community only to prevent harm to others. The threat Mill fears most is not the state but public opinion.

How to approach it

Chapter 2, on freedom of thought and discussion, is the enduring one. Chapter 4 draws the line between self-regarding and other-regarding acts, which is where most disagreements start.