ΦTHALASSAJournal of Philosophy
Civilizations

Northern Aegean and southeastern Balkans

Thrace

c. 700 BCE–46 CE

See this region on the map

A broad, diverse northern Aegean world of tribal polities, royal centres, cavalry, metalwork, and sustained contact with Greek coastal cities.

History

Origins, power, and change

‘Thrace’ was a Greek umbrella term for numerous peoples north of the Aegean rather than a unified nation. Greek colonies developed along the coast while inland rulers controlled routes, pasture, mines, and agricultural land. The Odrysian kingdom assembled the largest Thracian polity in the fifth century BCE, negotiating and fighting with Athens and Macedon. Philip II and later Hellenistic kings incorporated much of the region unevenly. Rome finally converted the client kingdom into a province in 46 CE, without erasing local languages and cults at once.

Myths from this region

Orpheus, Eurydice, Hades, Persephone

Orpheus and Eurydice

Source: Virgil, Georgics IV; Ovid, Metamorphoses X

Orpheus descends to recover Eurydice through song, wins permission to lead her back, but loses her by looking behind before they reach the upper world.

Greek and Roman authors consistently imagined Orpheus as Thracian, making the northern frontier a source of uncanny music and religious knowledge.

Thinkers

Thinkers from this region

Democritus

c. 460–c. 370 BCE · Atomism

Also from this region, without a page here yet:

  • Leucippus
  • Protagoras of Abdera